Plastering system



M. M. CORY PLAS'IERING SYSTEM Jan. 16, 1940.

Filed Se t. 22,- 1936 3&5

3 Sheets-Sheet 1 lnvenlor Mqrcus M. Cory.

filial-neg.

Jan. 16, M CORY PLASTERING SYSTEM Filed Sept. 22, 1936 3 Sheets-$heet 2Ill $22? 2 avaxigyiti K wi ' wimixwim Invenior.

flllornry.

M. M. CORY PLASTERING SYSTEM Filed Sept. 22. 1936 Jan. 16, 1940.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Inve ni'or. Marcus M. Corg- J n.16,1940 we Patented e2,187,223 PLASTERING-SHYSTEM 9 l {Marcus M. Cory San Diego,

Application Sep ember 22, 1936, Serial No.10 1,953

8 claims. (01. 72-130) invention relates generally to methods of andmeans for forming. plaster or cement .walls and ceilings; includingsolid as well as hollow types of, both o'utsideand inside walls. Theinvention isjparticularly. applicable to formation and finishingrofytheoutsidetof outer plastered onstucco walls and ceiling, though cement orother materials mayrbe handled according to the.

sarheprocrgssyand: will be understood to be inin cluded within the scopeof the invention and of "the; appended..-clairnsg 1 e l The primaryobject of the invention is to provide an extremelyarapid and at the sametime inexpensive methodpi forming walls andceilings of plaster,cementitious; and, similar materials,

H and of forming ornamental beads or moldings, if j desired, inthesameoperation, or by themselves.

In accordance witlrtheinvention, there isprovided a comparativelyjlargesmooth plane sur 20 face or troweL and means whereby this trowel mayxbemovedjandguided along the surface of the wall to be constructed. Theplaster is placed from a position to the 'rear of the wall being formedby hand orwith use of mechanical means 25 such.as;alcement gunjagainstthe surface of this trowel. Thetrowel isintermittently or slowlymoved,along the plane ofthis wall, and the .plasteris placedagainst it andbuilt up to requisite thickness. The moving trowel finishes the .30surfaceiofitheplaster so placed against it, and is passed .butonce overthe wall surface. Solid or cored wallsmay be formed. by the use of two isuch trowels I moved along as the wall is built,

' whichlfinishes both Iwall surfaces at one operation. .In this case thecementitious material is placed between theltwo trowels or finishingsurfaces fromabove or from the open side.

Asa niqdificationwhich is useful insome ciroumstances, paperfpr clothfisso placed that it acts a's thefinishing mold and lies between theplaster ibeing plae'ed andjtheiorm or trowel which lis movedalongback oftheupoint of placement 5 Somet iiries itisadvantageous to have thispaper in a'rollon the back side ofifthe trowel and lead itirom therollacrossfthe face .of the form, the paper-being fasteneduto the' plasteror cement at the starting-corner. The paper is allowed to remain onitheiplaster until thoroughlyset and is then removed. Diflerent textures offinish are obtained by, using difi'erenttextures of paper. In certaininstances, forms correspondv the surface, Also, in some instancesfblocksor tile or otherparticles are placed in the surface of the plaster orcementby first pastingthemon thepaper or cloth, and which thus becomeimbedded in the wall:surface.

Various objects and features'of theinvention will appear and be madeapparent in the following detailed description of present illustrativeforms of the invention, reference for this purpose 1 being had in theaccompanying drawings, in

which: 3p

Fig. 1 shows the upper portion of theexterior wall of atwoj-sto'rybuilding being .plasteredin accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a view of the lower portion of the f same exterior wall; 7 l li Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on line 33 of Fig. 1; 1 v i Fig. 4is a vertical section taken on line 4 ofFig. 2; .f f

Fig. 4ashows a modification of trowel guiding means; Fig. 5 is arearelevational View of the trowel; Fig. 6 is a view taken asindicatedbyline 6-6. oiFig.5;:f Fig. 7 is a view showing amodification; Fig. 8 isayview taken on line 8 -8 of Fig-.7; Fig. 9 is. a view showing a furthermodiflcation;.- 1 l Fig. 10 is aview taken online; [0-5-40 of Fig. 9;

. and

Fig. 11 is a'view showing a stillfurther modiflf cation, in which bothsurfaces of a wall are formed and finishedin the same operation.

Referring flrstto Figs. 1 to 7,.inclusive, I, indifoundation walls areindicated at 12, lower and upper floor joistsare indicated at l4 and 15,respectively, concrete floor slabs areshown at l6, flooring at Ilia,andceilings at! 1. Wall studding (of woodor.SteeIIQisindicated,at l9,andl at l9a are indicated framing members surround-' ing the Windowopenings. Wire mesh ,reen forc ing for the plaster is indicated at2l,.being shown as stretchedover columns II and studding, IS.

The inventionis here illustrated as applied to a building having a firewall or parapet,2 5,and the reenforcing wire mesh j 2l is shown asstretched up overthe'top of the inner frame work of said firewall anddown back of its inner surface, as clearly indicated'in Fig. 3.The'reen- 1 5 forcing screen is also stretched within thewindowopenin'gs defined bymembers I9a, as indicated in Fig. 4.

The vertical plane of the outer surface of the wall to be constructed isindicated in Figs. 3 and 4 at W. A large finishing form or trowel 30, inthe present instance of substantially the vertical I dimension of.a-story of the building, is positioned with its inner vertical finishingsurface "3| in wall plane W. I Though this trowel member may..bemechanicallyconstructed invarious ways, I

here show a preferredconstruction in which the trowel is made up of aseries of horizontally extending sections, 32 placed edge to edgeand connected at theback by suitable frame work. For' instance, as shown inFigs. 5 and fi the backj surface of each trowel section 32 is, providedwith a pair of spacer members 33. Angle irons,

such as indicated at 34 and 35, are screwed to he esn ermemhe s,.as-bscrews 5 to secure adjacent sections together. To enable readilychanging the number of trowel sections used,

' these angle ironsare preferably used in pairs,

comprising upper members 3,4 and lower membersfib theupperand lowermembers of each pair being arrangedwiththeir flanges 31 inengagementwith one another as shown in Fig. 5. Theseengaging flanges aresecured together by bolts, 38,, It, will; be evident that' the trowelmay be assembled with diiferentnumbers of trowel sections depending uponthe extent of overlap of angle irons 34 and 35.

to extend over the top of and For thespecific use illustratedinFig. 3,the

: trowel is formedat the .top in such a manner as behind fire wall 25,as indicated;at 40., c c 1 Guide means are provided forthe trowelwhereby the -trowelis movable in a hcriaontal direction in the plane Wof the wall surface to be formed. For instance, the trowel shownin Figs.l and 3 is'provided at the bottom with rollers ?..sunrorted onm un nss 3n t ow en of its ang le iron s. 35, which'runfin a traclgfl mounted onbrackets 46 temporarily secured to i the building, structure, as bybeing bolted to vertical columns H. The otherhorizontal edge of theirowe which i t n ance o issa d 3 overhangs fire wall 25, is likewiseprovided withrollers 48 running in a track 49supported by the buildingstructure. These tracks and rollers support the'trowel with its smoothsurface. in plane W, and guide the trowel for horizontal linear movementin said plane.

' The leading 'andtrailingedges of the trowel are beveled or, rounded asatttd, and the surfacejl, of the trowel is usually as smooth aspossible, In some instancesit is desirable to uincreasenthe.smoothnessofthe t TOWel bythe use.. of.,oil, wax, etc., an'd in certainjjnstanceslmayface the. trowel with suitable materials such as vulcanized rubber,etc- I'heplastering operation is carried on as fol.-

lows: The; trowel-is.first positioned on its tracks at :oneend-.of-thesurface to-be'plastered, for

instance at theyleft handend of'the wall surfaceshown in Fig.1.

The plaster is then placed against .this trowel, from the rear, and thisis preferably, though not necessarily, done with: a

plasteror cement gun 6050f any known or appropriate type, in the hands.of 'the plasterer (seeFig'. 3). Whenareenforcing'screen or mesh is used,the pla steris thus shot from the gun through such-screen and agains tsurface 3l of the trowel, and is sobuiltnp to the wallthickness desired.The plaster thus shot or placed against the trowel is indicated at P inFig. 3.

When the surface 3! of the trowel has been nearly coveredwith plaster,and the plaster has been built up to the thickness desired, a secondoperator moves the trowel forwardly on its tracks. In so moving, thetrowel finishes the surface of the plaster already placed, and alsokeeps up with the plasterer handling the gun. Thus, the plastererhandling thegun, works along the wall, building up the wall toproperthickness from bottom to top, and the trowel is moved just suf-.ficiently fast to keep up with the plastering operation, .the trowelalways presenting a backingup surface against which the plaster isdischarged. It will beevident that the trowel may be movedjcontinuouslyor intermittently, though in either to partially or whollyset before moving the trowel, in which case more than one trowel may beused on the work. The operators after placing cement back of one trowel,go to another and another and the first one is moved just before the manwith the cement gun gets ready for it in its new position In such acase, of course, the trowel members may not be moved in the plane of thewall surface.

The trowel preferably passes but once over the wall surface, and it willbe evident that by this method a plaster or cement wall may beconstructed with great rapidity.

A. convenient means for'moving the traveling trowel is indicated in Fig.l of the drawings. A cable 62 is attached to the trowel, as in themanner illustratedand this cable is passed over a guide pulley 63 anddown to-a winding mechanism 64 turned by the second operator.

Figs, 2 and 4 show the second stage in the plastering of the side wallof the two-story building illustrated in'the drawings. The trowel 3t! inthis instance is flat from top to bottom, except for the curvature atits leading and trailns ed es, s f s t ,The track 45a at'the bottom isthe, same as before. Theupper track and guide roller, however, supportand guide the trowel from the back. Thus, angle irons 34 carryrearwardly extending rollers 61 whichengage in a track B8,carried by abracket 69 supported by false workgenerally indicated at 10. The trackand rollers at the lower edge of the trowel carry theweight of thetrowel, while track 68 and rollers 61 backup the trowel and hold it upto wall" plane W. The trowel is of. sufiicient heightto overlap andengageaportionof the outer surface of the previously laid second storyhalf-of the wall, and this engagement holds the trowel; against tiltinginwardly; In plastering a one-story building or wall surface, the trackand rollersatthe lower edge of the trowel are duplicated at the upperedgeof the trowel,,=as indicated at 4212 and 46b, respectively, in Fig.51a.

- Where the height of 'a vertical wall requires more than one level ofplacement, as in Figs. 1 to 4, it is generally preferable to place thetop level first and to Work downwardly. This procedure keeps; theworkcleaner, and the'joints betweensuccessivelylaid sections will slopein the paper direction wast s; leakage-through the wallfr ra n etc. i l,fTl'iefwindow andfdoor] openingsuare treated in the following manner.aflseparatefiform is used for each bi;'the surfacesnot in thelarge wall.planeto be ifor ned bythelarge' mold or r instance, indicatedfin Fig.4, a 'builtgand placed in the window opening, its top it, bottom llimmerses ltfbeing e e ..wii iez framing members tile. This opening formor box previously mentioned window 1 extends out to thefinished surfaceplane .W, and the back ofthe form is closed, as atiid,

re pect the plaster. lhe plaster is filled inhetween this form andframing memberellla, as indicated atfli i tl'ius providing plasterwindow 9 opening surfacesiflld i It will be evident that the molcl ortrowel may be of anysi'ze or shape appropriate to the work to be done,and that it may be {positioned and Wallsurfaces, as for instanceceilings, A given trowel of the construction described is adjustable towork ofdifferent types and siaessimply by removing or addingsectionawhich areheld together by the rigid frame members 36, 35.

, Moldings, beadsfillets, etc., where desired, are formed either bythemselves: or simultaneously withthe wall surface, by use or a specialtrowel 'I'hus,- the trowel inFig. 3 is shownprovided with sectionssection having the gjformldesired.

86 formed at d! toprovide ornamental molding 88 near the upper edge ofthe wallsurface. l

Figs. "7 and 8 show a modification of the method, in which a roll ofpaper fill-is mounted on the back surface of thetrowel nearits leading9i supportedby brackets d2 secured to the trowel. The paper illlafrornthe roll is led from the roll around the leading edge of the trowelandacrcss its face, and isfastenedas (Fig. 8) at the beginning end of,thewall to be formed. This paper unrolls as the trowel moves, and isallowed to remain on the plaster or cement until thoroughly dry,'and isthen removed. This paper is of use with plasters and cements or certainkinds of consistencieaand is usefulin protecting againstithe sun and toorapid drying. Differs ent textures of f nish are obtained by usingdifferent papers of different textures. Moreover, in certain instances,impressions desired in the surface are appliedto the paperand soimprinted on the wall surface If desired, the layer of paper 90a,adhering to the wall surface may of course be drawn off and rolled backup on the roll on the back of the trowel, the trowel simply being movedin reverse directionon its tracks as the paper is re-rolled. it willalso beevident that the paper may be used without necessarily supplyingit froma roll mounted on the trowel;

broadly,any manner of placing a suitable flexible sheet of paper, or anysuitable'equivalent,

in the plane offthe wall surface will serve.

As a further modification, thepaper sea from roll 90 is rolled upasthetrowel moves one roll lllll located on the back or the trowel nearits trailing edge; dsindicated in Figs. 9 and 10. Such a method is ofadvantage, where it is desired to use the paper for the purpose ofimprinting a characteristic impression on the wall u -face,

and where it is notdesirable to leave the paper in contact with the wallsurface while the wall drys. It will be evident that this roll of paperor. the roll as used in Figs. "7 and 8, may be used to carry tile orother particles" which it is, de-

the surface of the paper before rollingjit up; It has previously beendescribed that insome instancesthe trowel members may not be moved untilthe wall-material is partially orfwholly 'set,

andin such instances of course, there is no occasion for moving thetrowels in the plane of the wall surface. Such a methodis particularlyapplicable inconnection with use of. a flexible sheet in the plane ofthewall surface, backed up by the trowel member. .In such an operation, the

wall surface is formed by the texture of the 1 sheet, and thetrowelmember may not be moved for the purpose of finishing the surface, butmay be allowed to stand until the wall material is partially or whollyset, asheretoforedescribed.

. Thus the trowel members may either have the dual function ofbacking-up memberand traveling finishing member, or, especiallyin caseof use of the flexible sheet, simply the function of backing-up member.The expression trowel as herein defined denotes the members 30 whethersaid members have both functions, 1. e., backing-up and smoothing, oronly the single function of backing-up, and itwill thereforebeunderstood that usage of the expression trowel does not,

within the meaning herein adopted, denote or imply travel in theplaneofthe wall surface, and that such travel is not necessarily presentunless expressly specified.

Fig. 11 shows a modification in whichboth surfaces of a wall aretroweled orfinished simultaneously. This method is particularly usefulin v constructing solid walls, but may also be used 1 edge, the rollbeingjmountedonavertical'axle to form reenforcedor coredwalls; Fig. 11shows a wall Hi being constructed in accordance with this method. Twotrowels are. used, onefor each surface of the wallyand are moved alongas the wall is built, the plaster or cementbeing placed between thetrowels. The trowelsare moved to keep up with theplastering operation iin the same manner as with thesingle trowel method previously described.Each trowel is provided at the bottom with aroller I06 and track H11,and at its back, near its top, with a roller Ill-5 engaging in a trackI09 supportedly by false work llll. As here shown the upper roller ismounted on a vertical axis, and is engaged on both sides by the flangesof the track, which is of channel shape, with its channel facingupwardly. Thus the upper track and roller not only holds the trowel upto the work, but alsoprevents it from tilting inwardly beyond theexterior ,surface of the wall to be formed. It will be evident that thistype of roller and track may be used with the trowel of Figs. 3 and 4,if desired. I have now illustrated my invention by way of giving asomewhat detailed description of typical [equipment for carrying it intoeffect; it is to be understood, however, that various changes in design,structure and arrangement of suchequip tively large surfaced trowelmember in the plane of theputer surfaceoi the wall to be constructed,placingthe wall material in a wet state against said trowel from therearward side of the wall 'to be constructed, said trowel serving asabacking for the wet material as said material is placed in position,and moving said trowel to keep it abreast of :the material as'placed andto finish the outersurface ofsaid material.

I 2. The method of forming a wall of plaster or cementitious materialabout an openwork reenforcing frame, that comprises placing acomparatively large surfaced trowel member in the plane of the 'outersurface of the wall to be constructed, impacting the wall material in awet state against said trowel from the rearward side of the wall to beconstructed, said trowel serving as a backing forthe wet material assaid material is placed plane of the exterior surface of the wall to beconstructed, and means for impacting the wall material in a wet stateagainst the finishing surface of the trowel.

4. Means for forming a wall of plaster or-cementitious material,comprising a comparatively large trowel having a finishing surface, andhaving a mold section extending thereacross, means for guiding andsupporting said trowel in a substantially upright position for linearmovement parallel to the direction of said mold section and with itsfinishing surface traveling in the plane of the exterior surface of thewall to be constructed, said finishing surface being adapted to back upthe plaster or cementitious material placed to form the wall and tofinish the exterior surface of said material by movement on its guidingmeans.

5. Means for forming a wall of plaster or cementitious material,comprising a comparatively large surfaced trowel member, means for supporting said trowel member in a substantially 1 upright position withits front surface in'the plane of the exterior surface of the wall to beconstructed, a flexible sheet supported in said plane in contact withthe front surface of said trowel member, andmeans forimpacting the wallmatesheet positioned in contact with at least one of 'said trowelsections, whereby wet material may be impacted against said sheet backedup by said trowel section.

'7. The method of forming a wall of plaster or cementitious'materialabout openwork reenforcing means, that comprises placing twocomparatively large surfaced trowel members in the planes of the twosurfaces of the wall to be constructed, impacting the wall material in awet state between said trowels, said trowels serving as backings for thematerial as it is placed in position, and moving said trowels to keepthem abreast of the material as placed.

8. The method of forming a wall of plaster or cementitious materialabout an openwork reenforcing frame, that comprises stretching aflexible sheet in the plane of the outer surface of the wall to beconstructed, impacting the wall material in a wet state against theinside surface of said flexible sheet, and placing a backingup memberwhich is comparatively large but is of lesser area than said flexiblesheet in supporting relation to the outer surface of said sheet atplaces where the wet material is being impacted against said sheet.

MARCUS M. CORY.

